After we lost Digory last spring, a friend of ours who fosters cats for Save-A-Pet knew that we might be able to take in a new cat. She called one day and broached the subject. She had recently taken in a eight or nine-month-old male tabby (another tabby! — this one more sworled than striped like Digory, Keeley and Doughal). A woman who had “rescued” him was now relinquishing him.
We did take him, and we named him Eustace for a character in C.S. Lewis’s Narnia Chronicles (in “The Voyage of the Dawntreader”). Just how appropriate that name would turn out to be we could then little guess. He was our third “Narnian” cat, after Caspian (a Prince of a cat!) and Digory. As best as I (and our Save-A-Pet friend) could piece together the information, this woman had taken in Eustace, then a small kitten, when he was wandering near her apartment. Whether he had been born outside and lost his mother and littermates, or whether someone had dumped him, we’ll never know.
The woman already had a Siamese male-female pair (sexually in tact) and a large former-stray tomcat. She likely was not allowed to have more than one cat in the apartment, if any. Presumably partly because the Siamese cats were not spayed or neutered and she wanted them to breed, she kept Eustace in her bathroom. Based on his look and behavior after he came to us I’ve concluded three things that the woman wouldn’t admit to: 1. that Eustace was confined to that tiny bathroom most of time; 2. that if/when he was out, the tomcat, as the dominant cat in the household, chased and probably mauled him, making him very fearful; 3. that he was not being fed enough (he was very thin when he came to us).
The consequences were dire for his development as a psychically normal cat. That is: he did not develop into a normal, affectionate, playful and confident cat. Quite the contrary. First, he didn’t get the opportunity to learn all the things his mother would normally have taught him along with his littermates. Then, he didn’t get the opportunity to play with his littermates or other cats. He didn’t get to observe from them and his mother what is acceptable cat behavior. He just didn’t have the chance to learn to be a proper cat. And he didn’t learn to trustingly interact with people, either. What he did learn was fear: fear of that tomcat and perhaps of the Siamese pair as well. And perhaps even fear of his apartment “savior.” And that fear turned into aggression.
Why was the name “Eustace” appropriate for him? In Lewis’s story, Eustace is a bratty, beastly boy who is nasty to everybody. Though he couldn’t possibly admit it, he’s a lonely child who doesn’t know how to be a friend or accept others as friends. When he’s at his beasliest he is turned into a literal dragon by Aslan (the lion/Christ figure) so that he will see himself as he really is. He takes the lesson to heart and when he is given the opportunity to become a boy once again, he is a vastly transformed young man.
Our Save-A-Pet friend was letting Eustace acclimatize in the cottage on their property where a handful of their foster cats live. He mostly stayed in his carrier at first but seemed to do ok. She had him a week or so and didn’t see him show aggression. So what happened after he came to our house was as complete a surprise to her as it was to us. She and her husband brought Eustace to us and we settled him into our guest bedroom with his own litter box, bed and food/water bowls, as we always do with a new cat. We then initiated our introduce-a-new-cat routine. We had five other cats who would need to adjust to his presence, and he to theirs.
My first major and highly unpleasant surprise came very quickly. I went into the room, sat on the bed and talked softly to Eustace. He immediately came over and crawled into my lap. I was thrilled. That, of course, was not the unpleasant surprise. He clearly craved attention in a way that indicated he hadn’t had much of it. I petted his head and began to gently run my hand down his back, as one normally might. Quick as lightning he whipped his head around and sunk his teeth into the fleshy part of my hand between my thumb and other fingers. It was a deep puncture wound and bled profusely. Needless to say, it was painful. I was nonplussed.
That was the first of seven or eight times over the next weeks that Eustace bit me hard enough to draw blood. After the first time I immediately adjusted how, and how much, I touched him, and I always looked for early signs of him becoming agitated. But those signs were just not there. His biting was a very sudden lashing out with no discernible warning. There were so many things he wouldn’t tolerate, though he clearly craved contact. He would rub his head on one of my ankles, but then several times he bit me on the ankle — hard — after doing so.
As bad as the biting was, worse and just as out-of-the-blue, was his first attack on Caspian. Caspian was the gentlest, sweetest-tempered cat we’ve ever had, and truly the sweetest creature I’ve ever run across. When he was the dominant cat of the household but never pressed his dominance. He was a friend to all and the others all responded to him in like manner. When a new cat came in, he would welcome it, and the others followed his example. Not so Eustace!
Caspian was a big cat. The only thing I can figure out is that something about Caspian perhaps reminded Eustace of that tomcat who must have terrorized him in his first “home.” He seemed to figure that striking the object of his terror before it could strike him would be the best policy. He jumped Caspian, claws out, teeth bared. The fur — Caspian’s fur — literally flew. I picked up several wads of it afterwards. It was Caspian’s turn to be terrified. When Roo saw Caspian being attacked she launched into Eustace herself, hissing and yowling like a little banchee.
In an instant all six felines launched an all-out screeching, clawing cat fight. It ended quickly, but the damage was done. From then on Caspian was afraid of Eustace, and the others, too, gave Eustace a very wide berth. As for Eustace, he tried to repeat the attack every chance he got. We immediately had a find a way to protect Caspian (and the others, but especially Caspian). We got out an old halter at first, then bought him a new one. We connected a couple of leashes to it and tied one end to a sturdy piece of furniture. I secured another length of double leash in another part of the house, in my home office where Eustace could look out windows and a patio door.
During the day, Eustace had to be either connected to one of the leads or in his room (the guest room) with three baby gates stacked on top of each other to fill the doorway, keeping him in but letting him look out and any other cat look in. Given his history we hated to confine him in any way, but there was no other choice. At night, he stayed in the guest room with the door closed, which he didn’t mind, and which became a sanctuary for him.
Gradually, very gradually, he became a bit less volatile and a bit more trusting. But he still was extremely aggressive with Caspian, especially. We just couldn’t allow Eustace to roam the house freely unless Caspian was outside lounging on the deck (which he loved). Something else needed to be done. I had already begun to read whatever I could find on cat aggression and how to deal with it. (Though we had had cats for years it was a new problem for us.) It was clear to me that Eustace’s aggression was fear-based. But knowing that helped only a little. We needed some major behavior modification! And quickly. Weeks had already passed. Stressful weeks.
The situation got increasingly stressful — for poor gentle Caspian, first of all; and the other cats weren’t keen on being chased and nipped at either. But I also felt the stress, and so did Ed. In fact, very early on, our Save-A-Pet friend suggested that we bring Eustace back to her. It was a wrenching decision. He certainly couldn’t be adopted to just anybody, if at all, in his viciously aggressive state. I was then at the end of my rope in terms of knowing how to deal with him.
We did bring him back. For one night! There was something good about this cat, as volatile and nasty as he could be, that had very quickly gotten under my skin. I had already begun to care for him a great deal. I knew, I felt sure, that if we could unlock the key to getting him to trust, he would some day be a great cat. He was certainly smart; and he was beautiful. And, yes, he could be affectionate (though he had never learned how to purr, and still doesn’t purr except for a second or two involuntarily sometimes when I first say hello to him in the mornings). I talked with our friend once again about why I wanted to try again with Eustace, and I drove down the 20-some miles to her home to retrieve him. We were now well and truly committed. There was no turning back.
In my reading about dealing with cat aggression I discovered the Bach flower essences. I shouldn’t really say “discovered.” I was already aware of the Bach “Rescue Remedy,” but I hadn’t been aware of how the 38 essences can be used singly and in combinations of up to five or six at a time to address a range of emotional issues in both people and animals. I ordered a book which outlined how to use the flower essences with cats. It was an eye-opener. (The flower essences are dilutions that work in a homeopathic manner; they were developed in the early 20th century by an English physician named Edward Bach.)
I consulted the book I had ordered and chose three essences for Eustace, based on the issues I felt needed addressing: vine (dominance and inflexibility), water violet (aloofness, fear) and holly (jealousy, hatred) . I began giving him the equivalent of two drops of each in his food, morning and night.
Within a week I saw a marked difference in his behavior. He was calmer, he was gentler, he was more outgoing. It was the beginning of a remarkable transformation. In the meantime I also started giving Caspian the flower essences: mimulus (fear of known things), larch (lack of confidence) and walnut (protection from change and unwanted influences). Those, too, made a difference, though not quite as amazingly as those we gave to Eustace.
In November Ed and I went to Florida for a week. During that time we asked the wonderful cat-lover who comes in to feed and tend the cats to allow Eustace to be free in the house during the day while Caspian and Keeley were kept in the guest room, and to put Eustace back in the guest room at night while letting Caspian and Keeley out. What that did, among other things, was to get Eustace accustomed to the smells of Caspian (and Keeley) in “his” room and litter box, and vice versa for Caspian and Keeley.
The day after we returned, while I went out to do a couple of errands I put Eustace in the guest room with the baby gates up. While I was gone he managed to wheedle his way between two of the gates and jump down into the hallway and freedom. Here’s the breakthrough that astonished me: when I returned, there was Eustace standing in the kitchen; and there was Caspian, standing in the kitchen. And a couple of the other cats came up too to say hello. There were no fireworks, there was no hissing, no aggression!
From then on, Eustace has run free in the house (except for 5-10 minutes at meal times, which keeps him calm as I’m preparing their food, and which he doesn’t mind a bit; he stands quietly while I attach him to the lead, just as he stands quietly every morning while I put his halter on).
Sadly, during all those months, Caspian was increasingly suffering from kidney disease. (I surmised that one of the reasons Eustace showed aggression to him was also because he sensed that weakness in Caspian.) Caspian died on January 3. (Boy, do we miss him!) But we’re very happy that in the last month and a half of his life he had nothing to fear from Eustace, and was no longer subjected to the stress of the previous four or five months.
Just as the boy Eustace in Narnia, our Eustace is no longer a Dragon Boy. In the mornings when I let him out of the room, I pick him up and hold him against my chest, scratching his forehead, between his ears and down his back while he nestles his head against me and closes his eyes in momentary ecstasy.
He has also learned , and is learning, how to play without mauling his feline housemates. Josie (who also came to us after Digory, not so long before Eustace arrived) is becoming his particular buddy, and feisty, fearless creature that she is, she knows just how to handle him. He’s still getting his flower essences. But we believe that as time goes by, he will only get better and better.





